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Analyses

J. Niemiec - Turkey’s attitude towards Finland and Sweden’s NATO membership bids
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J. Niemiec - Turkey’s attitude towards Finland and Sweden’s NATO membership bids

08.11.2022
Russian military invasion of Ukraine prompted the governments of Finland and Sweden to declare their will to join NATO, thereby breaking the principle of neutrality in their foreign policies, which both countries had followed for over a hundred years. However, Turkey opposed the Finnish and Swedish candidacies, which significantly hampered the process of enlargement of the North Atlantic Alliance.
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P. Gorszewski - Reforms of the BND: Towards the internationalisation of jurisdiction in the context of protection against mass surveillance
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P. Gorszewski - Reforms of the BND: Towards the internationalisation of jurisdiction in the context of protection against mass surveillance

18.10.2022
This analysis provides an overview of the recent reforms of the German Federal Intelligence Service (BND), ranging from the legislative changes in 2016 to the ruling of the Federal Constitutional Court in 2020 and the resulting legal and institutional changes. The main reason for comprehensive reforms of BND's activities was the so-called wiretapping scandal provoked by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA). It prompted political decision makers in Berlin to undertake deeper structural reforms of intelligence. A ruling of the German Constitutional Court of 19 May 2020 was a key event in the reform process. The Court found the BND Act incompatible with the constitutionally established rights to secrecy of telecommunications and freedom of the press.
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A. Mazurkiewicz - Military identity: warriors from GROM
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A. Mazurkiewicz - Military identity: warriors from GROM

12.07.2022
This text is a part of a mini-series of KBN Analyses devoted to the concept of military identity. This time we will return to the already discussed traditional conceptualisation of the "warrior" identity, which such norms, attitudes, and values as courage and bravery, camaraderie and endurance, as well as discipline and obedience. One of the units that fit into many elements of this identity is the Polish Branch of Special Operations GROM, established in 1990. Although it might seem that the GROM Unit fully corresponds to all the traditional elements associated with the identity of a "warrior", there are also some differences. In the last part of the analysis, we will also compare GROM with one of the previously discussed groups - Australian "diggers".
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J. Grabowska - The environment as one of the factors shaping organizational culture of the Polish special services
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J. Grabowska - The environment as one of the factors shaping organizational culture of the Polish special services

07.07.2022
In Poland, sociological, anthropological and psychological perspectives in intelligence studies still have received little attention. Wrocław IPN's publication on the security apparatus of the communist Poland from the perspective of anthropology of organization and anthropology of power has opened a new chapter in the research under discussion.
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M. Czajkowski - The Russian Satellite Reconnaissance Capabilities – Political and Strategic Assessment
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M. Czajkowski - The Russian Satellite Reconnaissance Capabilities – Political and Strategic Assessment

18.06.2022
The Russian Federation inherited an outdated space industry base which was also reduced in size after the collapse of the USSR. In the 1990s, the crisis persisted, resulting in a drastic reduction of the capabilities of the Russian space systems. The situation started to improve in the 21st century, but as of 2022 Russian satellite capabilities remain highly limited, specifically in relation to the needs of the nation which considers itself a world-class power. Russia's deficiencies are particularly striking in space surveillance architecture which remains vastly inferior to the main competitors like the United States and China. Moreover, western commercial companies are also way ahead of the Russian military regarding space-borne imaging systems.
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